China and several of its neighbours have been involved in a decades-long dispute over who controls the South China Sea. China claims most of the sea as its territory, but the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan say parts of the sea belong to them. Tensions have risen over the years and resulted in several confrontations as well as US involvement. The South China Morning Post looks at the origins of the dispute, what these countries are fighting over and what they’re doing to assert their territorial claims.
Problems and Solutions to the Digital Divide in the USA:
Using Undersea Cables to close the digital divide in Africa:
Production Spaces
Explanation of globalization and how it affects economy, politics and culture (8m):
Globalisation involves widening and deepening global connections, interdependence and flows (commodities, capital, information, migrants and tourists).
This means increases in flows of:
goods and services (including commodities)
products and commodities, that can be bought, and are often made or grown in other countries
capital
flows of money between people, banks, businesses and governments
people (including migrants and tourists)
information
e.g. data transferred between businesses and people, often using the internet
PDF slides that show how the US population has migrated during the 20th century starting with the GREAT MIGRATION of millions of African Americans (in two waves after WW1 and WW2) who left the rural south and went to the urban north. Followed by mass migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt since the 1960s and the migration of people from cities to the suburbs.
The Encyclopaedia was created in France and philosophers started to question the legitimacy of absolute monarchy.
1776
Declaration of Independence of US
1789-99
French Revolution destroyed the institutions of the Ancient Regime and founded a New France.
14th July 1789: Taking of the Bastille, fall of the Royal prison which symbolised the end of absolute monarchy.
August 1789: Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen.
September 1792: abolition of the monarchy and proclamation of the Republic.
1799-1815
Napoleon’s Consulate and Empire.
1804
Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the French on 2ndDecember.
1815
Congress of Vienna. Boundaries of Europe were redrawn by the States which were victorious against Napoleon.
1815-48
Constitutional Monarchy (Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe). The power of monarchy was limited by a constitution and the power of parliament increased.
1848-1852
Second Republic established universal male suffrage and abolished slavery due to the work of Victor Schoelcher (1804-93)
1852-1870
2nd Empire of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III). France modernised its economy during this period.
1848
Communist Party Manifesto published
1853
Victor Hugo published Les Chatiments
1870-1840
Proclamation of the 3rd Republic after the fall of the Second Empire. In 1940, Pétain took power and created an authoritarian regime.
1882
Jules Ferry proposed laws which made education secular, free and obligatory
1894-1906
The Dreyfus Affair divided France.
1905
Law passed which separated the Church and State in France.
4° Geography Essential Information
The Five most Populated Countries in the World (2021):
Population
(in millions of inhabitants)
China
1.425 (or 1.4 billion inhabitants)
India
1.362 (or 1.3 billion inhabitants)
USA
329
Indonesia
266
Brazil
220
WEBSITE LINK:
Updated World Population (by country) map: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries
In the 17th and 18th centuries European rivalries led to the building of vast colonial empires. Millions of slaves were deported from Africa to work in these colonies on huge plantations which produced items for the European market. This trade helped finance the expansion of the Atlantic ports in the Netherlands, France and the UK.
In the 18th century, most of the European states were led by royal dynasties headed by a king or queen who held absolute power. However, some rulers, such as Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederic II of Prussia were influenced by the ideas of the philosophers. They were known as enlightened despots.
Short video on the impacts of colonization on aboriginal people in Australia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPCwsiuKMzA
To help you learn about the French Conquest of Algeria (which took many decades) please watch this excellent video below and use the Power Point presentation Conquest of Algeria to help complete the worksheet:
The Industrial Revolution
Video about child labor in the industrial revolution:
Society, Culture and Politics in France during the 19th Century
The French and the Vote
This chapter covers a crucial period in French history from 1815 and the defeat of Napoleon through to the Second Empire of Napoleon III. It focuses on the changes in who could vote and participate in the electoral life of France.
Key concepts you will learn about include census suffrage and universal suffrage. Suffrage means the right to vote.
Click on the document below to have access to the chapter:
This chapter covers the period 1870 through to the outbreak of WW1 in 1914. Lots of significant events happened in this period and we will be studying three: the Paris Commune, the Dreyfus Affair, and the Separation of Church and State in France:
The phenomenon of shrinking cities refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time. It is also known as counterurbanization.
What are the features of Hong Kong Case Study: 7th October Homework:
After carefully completing the map (remember how to shade in the outline of the coast in blue) and completing the legend + annotations you need to complete the paragraph.
Explain why Hong Kong is considered a global metropolis yet is also marked by inequalities.
How to answer this question:
EXPLAIN – this is a command word, it means give reasons for something
GLOBAL METROPOLIS – this is DNL vocabulary – remember, it means a city that is very well connected to the global economy and connected to other major cities (such as Paris, New York and London) – people come to Hong Kong on business from all over the world (arriving at the international airport for example and using the renowned global exhibition and conference facilities) or as tourists (to visit Disney Land perhaps) and the container port of Hong Kong offers a global maritime opening (it receives and send outs manufactured products on ships to the rest of the world)
‘marked by inequalities’ – this means despite all the wealth many inhabitants are still poor (think about where they live – look at the photograph of houses on the roofs of skyscrapers.
So use the map, the documents and your own ideas to write a coherent paragraph response.
Transnational Migration
Difference between migrants and refugees:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwSOds50Afk
Migration Push and Pull Factors:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG4zYsV0ME0
Tourism
Link to a site with more recent up to date information on tourism:
The rise of globalization has witnessed the development of coastal zones around the world because maritime transport is essential for this process. Seas and oceans have become strategic resources and their exploitation can lead to tensions between states.
The United States of America is the world’s biggest economic power. This power is based on an immense territory which is firmly integrated into different global networks. Globalisation has also transformed America.
Since the end of WW2, the US has played a major role on the international scene. It helped to create important institutions like the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the UN (United Nations).
The interventions decided by the UN depended considerably on American military power. It has the biggest military in the world. This is known as hard power.
The US has also created the USMCA (United States Mexico Canada Agreement) to increase trade between the different countries of North America. The stock exchange (bourse) in New York is the biggest in the world and the dollar is the world’s principal currency.
Americans also invest huge amounts of money in other countries. English is the principal language of the USA and is used in international business and most scientific publications. The USA also possess an enormous capacity to diffuse information through the way it dominates the internet and the power of its media organizations such as CNN. This is known as soft power.
D.N.L. Vocabulary
American way of life: refers to lifestyle of people living in the USA
American Dream: national ethos of the USA, it includes the idea that everyone is equal and prosperity and success can be achieved through hard work
CBD (Central business district): business centre of a city, it usually contains skyscrapers because of limited space and high land values
Industrial belt (or Rust belt): Region of north-east USA which contains older manufacturing industries such as the automobile industry
Sun Belt: region of southern and western USA characterised by a warm climate and hi-tech industries
Overview Powerpoint to prompt discussion on Immigration (in three parts):
Christianity and Islam from the 7th to 13th Centuries
Division of the Roman Empire I 395 A.D.
Brief overview of the Byzantine Empire:
Explanation of how Islam began:
Explanation of the crusades:
Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches in 1054 AD:
Society, the Church and Political Power in the Western Feudal World (11th to 15th Centuries)
Explanation of the FEUDAL SYSTEM:
The Norman Conquest:
Why and how William won the Battle of Hastings:
The Bayeux Tapestry, created to tell the story of the preparations for the battle, the voyage from Normandy to England, the battle itself and William the Conqueror’s victory:
Demography and Unequal Development
Follow this link for video on how human population has changed over time:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUwmA3Q0_OE
Link to video explaining how development is measured (including HDI):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sh4g3IQC2cU
Link to website explaining what is meant by uneven development:
The world currently consumes about 100 million barrels of oil a day.
This Canadian website site shows how energy is consumed around the world:
https://www.capp.ca/energy/world-energy-needs/
Link to video on Renewable and Non-renewable type of energy (9m):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w16-Uems2Qo
Worldwide consumption and production — a driving force of the global economy — rest on the use of the natural environment and resources in a way that continues to have destructive impacts on the planet. Sustainable consumption and production is about doing more and better with less. It is also about decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation, increasing resource efficiency and promoting sustainable lifestyles.
Link to United Nations website about responsible resource use:
This introductory chapter is about prehistory which began with the appearance of the first humans, around 2.5 million years ago.
A “human” is anyone who belongs to the genus Homo (Latin for “man”). Scientists still don’t know exactly when or how the first humans evolved, but they’ve identified a few of the oldest ones.
Man appeared on the African continent. This is why Africa is known as the ‘cradle of humanity’. Human-like animals that walked upright are known as hominids.
One of the earliest known humans is Homo habilis, or “handy man,” who lived about 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa. Another early human is Homo erectus, the “upright man” who ranged from Southern Africa all the way to modern-day China and Indonesia from about 1.89 million to 110,000 years ago.
Video from YouTube about Human Evolution (6m):
What Is Evolution & types of HUMANS | Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kids (click on link if video does not work)
Neolithic Man
Site for activity about one of the first settlements:
Mesopotamia witnessed the creation of the first city-states which were controlled by kings who fixed the rules. In Egypt, the territory was organized around the Nile under the authority of an all-powerful ruler – the pharaoh. His people considered him to be a god and constructed temples, palaces and pyramids in his honour.
Ancient Egypt was one of the oldest and longest lasting world civilizations. It was located along the Nile River in the northeast part of Africa and lasted for over three thousand years. The Ancient Egyptian pyramids are some of the most impressive structures built by humans in ancient times. Many of the pyramids still survive today for us to see and explore.
Link to a site for information about the pyramids:
Founders, Beliefs and Citizenship in the Mediterranean during the Millennium Before Christ
The Romans invented myths to explain the foundation of their capital city, Rome. These myths gave Rome a divine origin and linked their history into Greek mythology. These myths were first transmitted orally then from the end of the Republic written down by poets such as Virgil. According to them, Rome was founded in 753 BC.
Originally Rome was a monarchy but in 509 BC a revolt overthrew the last king and Rome became a republic.Under the Republic, Rome became the capital of a huge empire. When Julius Caesar, victor of the war with the Gauls, was nominated dictator for life in 44BC, a group of senators assassinated him because they feared the return of monarchy. By 27 BC, when Augustus ended the Republic, the Roman Empire extended throughout the whole Mediterranean and the Romans used myths to justify their rule.The_Roman_EmpireWatch first 1m30 for a little introduction to the myth of Romulus and Remus:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Qk0F2y_BhU
The Roman Empire
Link to video explaining 5 important things about the Roman Empire:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9bcohqsTGk
Ancient Greece
This chapter is about Ancient Greece and in particular the city-state of Athens where the first democracy in the world developed. The word used to describe a city-state was a polis and the city-states or polis operated independently of each other and often fought wars against each other.
Settlement: name of a place in which people live, it could be a small hamlet or village or a large town or city.
1) World’s largest cities:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqKe7ygkkzs
2) What is urban sprawl?
This video helps you understand how urban sprawls describes the way a city spreads outwards as it grows.
3) Facts about the largest shanty town in Nairobi: Kibera(from https://www.kibera.org.uk/#)
There are approximatly 2.5 million slum dwellers in about 200 settlements in Nairobi representing 60% of the Nairobi population and occupying just 6% of the land.Kibera houses about 250,000 of these people. Kibera is the biggest slum in Africa and one of the biggest in the world.
The average size of shack in this area is 12ft x 12ft built with mud walls, a corrugated tin roof with a dirt or concrete floor. The cost is about KES 700 per Month (£6). These shacks often house up to 8 or more with many sleeping on the floor.
Only about 20% of Kibera has electricity.
Until recently Kibera had no water and it had to be collected from the Nairobi dam. The dam water is not clean and causes typhoid and cholera. Now there are two mains water pipes into Kibera, one from the municipal council and one from the World Bank
In most of Kibera there are no toilet facilities. One latrine (hole in the ground) is shared by up to 50 shacks.
Kibera is near the industrial area of Nairobi where up to 50% of the available workforce are employed (usually in fairly unskilled jobs). However, there is still an unemployment rate of 50%
4) Life in a shanty town, Nairobi (these places are also called informal settlements):
A more challenging video about Kibera – the largest slum in Nairobi (9m):
5) What is a shanty town? (example from Mumbai in India):
Spaces of Low Population Density
Introduction
In this chapter you will learn about how certain places in the world have natural constraints that pose a challenge for the people who live there. The word constraint means a limitation or restriction. In geography a natural constraint is something that people must adapt to in order to be able to inhabit a place such as living on a mountain or a in a hot dry desert.
In this chapter you will learn about the different types of agriculture practised around the planet. Farming is particularly important in poorer countries where most people live in the countryside.
What is the different between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture?