T°BFI OVERVIEW
HISTORY THEME 1 – Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter studies the impact of the global economic crisis on societies and politics in the short, medium and long term. It focuses on the causes of the crisis triggered by the 1929 Wall Street Crash, the transition from an American crisis to a global crisis and the consequences, including unemployment and political instability. It also draws attention to the immediate and longer-term implications of increased federal government intervention in the economy. Thus, it also introduces the rise of neoliberal economic thought (Friedrich Hayek) and Keynesian economic theory foreshadowing the post WW2 debate between a big government welfare state versus the ideology of the invisible hand of the market.
Key Questions
- How did the economic crisis of the 1930s pose a challenge to democratic governments?
- What were the key economic, social, and political consequences of the Great Depression in the United States?
- How did the New Deal transform the role of the federal government in American society?
- In what ways were the approaches to the Depression in the USA and France similar and different?
Resources for the Great Depression and the New Deal
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF GRT DEPRESSIONS
T° History Theme 1 Chp 1 Overview PowerPoint
USA statistics to show underlying economic imbalances and weaknesses in the 1920s:
Short overview putting the Grt Depression into context (Germany, USSR and USA):
The 1929 Stock Market Crash (9m):
The Great Depression Explained in 2 minutes:
Analysis of Ideas of Keynes vs Hayek:
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-14366054
KEY IDEA:
Keynesian economics is a macroeconomic economic theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output, employment, and inflation.
Keynes advocated increased government expenditures to stimulate demand and pull the economy out of depression.
Friedrich Hayek believed that the prosperity of society was driven by creativity, entrepreneurship and innovation, which were possible only in a society with free markets and low government expenditure.
The Dust Bowl and the Depression (3m41):
Hoovervilles:
The New Deal Explained:
Example of History DBQ on this topic:
Using the documents and your own knowledge answer the following question: What were the key causes and impacts of the Great Depression on the USA?
Discuss the values and limitations of the documents in your answer.
POSSIBLE INTRODUCTION with arguable thesis:
DEVELOPMENT SECTION
Identify and explain the KEY causes: availability of credit / overproduction due to development of mass production techniques / stock market speculation leading to share prices no longer reflecting the real value of companies / inability of most American households to purchase latest consumer goods…
Identify and explain KEY impacts: share price collapse / unemployment increase / migration and homelessness / falling level of industrial producton and consumption / significantly lower international trade…
INTEGRATE an analysis of the documents into the above discussion: bring in a discussion of document 1 during your analysis of key causes and an analysis of document 2 during your section on key consequences.
CONCLUSION
End with a short conclusion, summarize your key ideas and reformulate your thesis.
HISTORY THEME 1 – Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter surveys the characteristics of totalitarian regimes (ideology, forms of adhesion, use of violence and terror for coercion and control devices) and their consequences on the European order. You will compare and contrast the characteristics of Stalin’s USSR and Nazi Germany and consider how ‘totalitarianism’ differs from ‘authoritarianism’.
Key Questions
- How did totalitarian regimes exploit the economic crisis in order to gain and maintain power in the 1930s?
- How important was the role of ideology and coercion in the consolidation of power in Nazi Germany and Stalinist Soviet Union?
- How can we explain popular support for the regimes in Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany?
- How effective were the regimes in maintaining their power and control?
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of the Soviet and Nazi regimes.
Video resource:
Watch this 15 minute video for a clear overview of Stalinist Russia and Nazi Germany – it also covers two of the points de passage: the Ukrainian Famine and the Spanish Civil War:
Kristallnacht: Pictures capture horrors of 1938 Nazi pogrom
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63587638
Main History Chapter 2 Powerpoint:
Comparison of USSR and Nazi Germany Powerpoint:
USSR and NAZI Germany Compared
Past student essays on Totalitarian Regimes:
Two examples of well constructed, well researched and logical argued essays with sound conclusions:
Totalitarian Regimes Comparison Essay Example 1
Totalitarian Regimes Essay Example 2
HISTORY THEME 1 – Chapter 3
This chapter examines the defeat of France, and the paths of Collaboration and Resistance that confronted the country during the early 1940s. It also covers the extent and violence of WWII, including the brutality of the war on the Eastern front in order to come to some understanding of the crimes against humanity committed during the Holocaust. An additional component is on the impact of war on the US ‘homefront’, with particular attention to the role of women in defence industries, for example, and the internment of Japanese-Americans on the West Coast. The role of the two atomic bombs in ending the war in the Pacific theatre of conflict, and the circumstance of the end of the war in Europe form important links to the emergence of the Cold War tensions after the war.
ASSIGNMENT FOR OCT 8
Individual Assignment WW2 – US Homefront etc
WW2 Overview PPT:
Article on the decision to use the Atomic Bomb:
Documents on the French Homefront:
Life in occupied France during the second world war
Impact of WW2 on France: Orador-sur-Glane:
Summary of the US Homefront:
For American-Japanese internment arising from Executive order 9066, see this site + video:
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation
Summary of class work on Essay Introduction with thesis statement + plan:
WW2 US HOMEFRONT ESSAY THOUGHTSa
Why and how was the Shoah carried out?
Shoah is the Hebrew word for “catastrophe”. This term specifically means the killing of nearly six million Jews in Europe by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during the Second World War. English-speaking countries more commonly use the word Holocaust, which is Greek for “sacrifice by fire”.
Please visit the Memorial de la Shoah website to learn more, the FAQs are particularly informative:
Short Intro video (3m)
Decision to use the Atomic Bomb:
From: https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https://static.pbslearningmedia.org/media/media_files/fe4ac1c8-0bc4-43e2-bfc7-c56ff52c021b/5c125aec-96c4-42f5-81d4-a0d57e23746a.docx
When Harry Truman became president upon the death of Franklin Roosevelt, the Atlantic and Pacific theaters of World War II were quite different. Hitler’s government was falling apart, and Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, less than a month after Truman took office. In contrast, Japan appeared unstoppable. Bombs and napalm dropped on Tokyo had claimed approximately 100,000 Japanese lives. The ferocious resistance by Japan’s army on the island of Okinawa, where 10,000 American and 100,000 Japanese soldiers died, reinforced the notion that Japan would never surrender.
A committee appointed by Truman soon after he took office in April had a solution to dealing with Japan. It reported that a top-secret weapon, the atomic bomb, would be available soon and should be used without warning. The report offered no alternatives. While the president had agreed in mid-June to plan for a possible U.S. invasion of Japan in the fall of 1945, his lack of experience in office, determination to minimize American casualties, and desire to demonstrate strength to the Soviet Union made him inclined to accept the study committee recommendation. Furthermore, the bombing of civilian populations became an acceptable practice due to the possibility of aerial attacks by all sides in the war. Finally, Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 justified any counterattack. On July 25, Truman learned that the bomb had been successfully tested. He ordered military commanders to deploy the weapon at their discretion.
After a final diplomatic attempt to obtain Japan’s unconditional surrender failed, the bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6. Truman was shown aerial photos of the devastation two days later. He was unaware that 80,000 Japanese had been killed and that tens of thousands more would die from ensuing radiation sickness. A second strike on August 9 destroyed the Japanese port city of Nagasaki, killing 40,000 more people. Japan surrendered on August 14.
Watch video on this site:
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/pres10.socst.ush.dww.atomicbomb/truman-and-the-atomic-bomb-world-war-ii-truman/
History Theme 2 Chapter 1:
End of WW2 and Emergence of the Cold War
Key topics from World War Two for explaining the origins of the Cold War:
i) The occupation and effective division of Europe (particularly Germany) by the two emerging superpowers,
ii) The Bretton Woods Agreement
iii) Yalta and Potsdam
iv) The opening of the UN
v) The American use of the atomic bomb
Key topics for explaining the development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1950:
- i) The Iron Curtain speech, 1946
- ii) The Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and containment policy, 1947
iii) The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948/9
- iv) The Creation of NATO, 1949
- v) The outbreak of the Korean War, 1950
Reference Points
- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
- Berlin Blockade and Airlift
- 38th Parallel and outbreak of the Korean War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzcZBFlmLoA&list=PL8hNHC9nbLlzb4miGp5pZPYCk9Zw0dGke&rco=1
HISTORY Theme 2 Chapter 2:
A New Geopolitical Order and Emergence of the Developing World
a) Creation of Israel and the Arab Response
- a) Emergence of Zionism & Arab nationalism
- b) Intervention of foreign powers (superpowers & former colonial powers)
- c) Arab-Israeli Conflicts/ Wars
b) Emergence of Mao’s China
- a) Cold War alliance with the USSR before Sino-Soviet Split, 1950-1962
- b) Securing borders & challenging US in the Cold War (Tibet annexation, 1950,
intervention in Korean War & sabre-rattling in Taiwan Straits, 1954)
- c) Testing nuclear weapon, 1964
- d) Support of African anti-colonial independence movements in the 1960s to gain diplomatic allies in the push for a seat in the United Nations Security Council.
c) Vietnam War, 1955-63
d) French Republic and Nationalist Movements in Africa, 1954-62
e) Castro’s Cuba, 1959-62
This highlights the spread of the Cold War into the Western Hemisphere and analyzes the US response during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Setting the Stage for the COLD WAR & DECOLONIZATION:
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=H5UAC5EJ4JI&LIST=PLEHRHJICEFDVHUMYADDXNRYM_SDYMILBI
1: The end of WW2 and Emergence of the Cold War, 1944-50
This chapter sheds light on the parallel and contradictory developments in the immediate post-war era: the desire to create a stable new world order at the same time as the breakdown of the Grand Alliance and emergence of superpower rivalry between the USA and the USSR which led to two competing spheres of influence and formed a new world order of tensions between East and West.
Overview PowerPoint for the period from the end of WWW2 to 1950 is here:
Resource Pack including Individual Student Enquiry here:
Emergence of Cold War Resource Packb
Churchill and Iron Curtain article here:
Churchill article Iron curtain speech
Key topics from World War Two for explaining the origins of the Cold War:
- i) The occupation and effective division of Europe (particularly Germany) by the two
emerging superpowers,
- ii) The Bretton Woods Agreement:
iii) Yalta and Potsdam
- iv) The opening of the UN
- v) The American use of the atomic bomb
Key topics for explaining the development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1950:
- i) The Iron Curtain speech, 1946
- ii) The Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and containment policy, 1947
Guiding Questions
Formation of United Nations
Explain why the USA supported the establishment of the UN and why the effectiveness of this organization was limited in the early Cold War period.
Why Did the Allies establish War Crimes Trials?
a) Why were the trials of senior Nazis held at Nuremberg?
b) Why were criminal trials considered to be more effective than summary execution?
c) What was the impact of the Nuremberg Trials?
d) What was the justification for not implicating the Japanese royal family in war crimes at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal?
e) Explain the controversy over visits to the Yasukuni Shrine by senior Japanese politicians.
iii) The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948/9
https://edition.cnn.com/videos/international/2014/02/10/cold-war-ep-4-soviet-blockade.cnn
- iv) The Creation of NATO, 1949
- v) The outbreak of the Korean War, 1950
https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-10-21/Five-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-Korean-War–UKq71vPjMs/index.html
Reference Points
- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
- Berlin Blockade and Airlift
- 38th Parallel and outbreak of the Korean War
Further resources:
CNN The Cold War Series episode 1
CNN The Cold War episode 2: The Iron Curtain
2: A New Geopolitical Order – Emergence of the Developing World (1948-1970s)
This chapter shows how geopolitics of the Cold War interfered with the decolonization process and led to the emergence of new actors as the newly independent countries asserted their international role, thereby challenging the bi-polar order.
COLD WAR AND DECOLONIZATION:
TWO CATEGORIES OF DECOLONIZATION:
Chapter 2 Reference Points
- 1948- the birth of the State of Israel
- French Indochina War and the start of the Vietnam War
- 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis
Key Questions
- What were the international consequences of the emergence of newly independent countries in the two decades following the end of WWII?
- To what extent did newly independent countries challenge the bipolar world (1948 – 1970)?
- Analyze the impact of the Bandung Conference of 1955, with the appearance of the decolonizing Afro-Asian bloc.
- In what ways was the process of decolonization linked to the Cold War?
- Analyze the responses of the USA to each of the following:
- the creation of the state of Israel, 1948*
- the appearance of Mao’s China,1949*
- Castro’s seizure of power in Cuba, 1959*
Student Resource work booklet for all parts of this chapter:
Hist Th2 Chp2 Resource Work Booklet
Part One: Decolonization and the Cold War
USEFUL VIDEOS
DECOLONIZATION VIDEO EXCERPT:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrhcC7GSdDU&list=PLEHRHjICEfDVHumyadDXNRYm_SDYmilbi&index=5
Newly INDEPENDENT States VIDEO EXCERPT:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlqIqvcWvF8&list=PLEHRHjICEfDVHumyadDXNRYm_SDYmilbi&index=6
USEFUL DOCUMENTS (FOR EXAM REVISION):
Decolonization of Asia and Africaa
Two categorizes of decolonization
Newly Independent States Depth Study Israel
How did Mao challenge the bipolar order
The Connection between the Cold W
Learning Objectives
- Understand the significance of the Bandung Conference and the extent of Non-Alignment.
- Analyze the impact of the Bandung Conference of 1955, with the appearance of the decolonizing Afro-Asian bloc.
PowerPoint about Part One:
Pillar One: The Creation of Israel and the Arab response (Suez Crisis and Nasserism, 1956)
Focus of study:
– Emergence of Zionism & Arab nationalism
– Intervention of foreign powers (superpowers & former colonial powers)
– Arab-Israeli Conflicts/ Wars
Objective
- Analyze how the Partition of Palestine came about and its consequences.
PowerPoints for the Partition of Palestine and Suez Crisis:
Partition of Palestine
Suez Crisis 1956
EXAM REVISION PRIMARY DOCUMENTS:
Site with lots of cartoons about the Middle East:
http://mideastcartoonhistory.com/index.html
RESOURCES FOR WORK ON CHINA AND CUBA
Pillar Two: Emergence of Mao’s China (1949 – 1972)
Focus of study:
- Cold War alliance with the USSR before Sino-Soviet Split, 1950-1962
- Securing borders & challenging US in the Cold War (Tibet annexation, 1950, intervention in Korean War & sabre-rattling in Taiwan Straits, 1954
- Testing nuclear weapon, 1964
- Support of African anti-colonial independence movements in the 1960s to gain diplomatic allies in the push for a seat in the United Nations Security Council.
Objective
❖ Evaluate the extent to which Mao’s foreign Policy challenged Cold War bipolarization from 1949 to 1972.
Handout on how Mao challenged the bi-polar order:
PowerPoint for Pillar Two:
CNN Cold War Episode 15 China 1949-72:
Not obligatory this year Pillar Five: Castro’s Cuba (1959 – 1962).
Focus of Study
This pillar highlights the spread of the Cold War into the Western Hemisphere and analyzes the US response during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Objective:
❖ Analyze the consequences of Castro coming to power in Cuba
CNN Cold War Episode 10 Cuba:
Final Pillar: The causes and development of the Vietnam War, 1954-63
Handout for this pillar:
CNN EPISODE ON VIETNAM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6s0Z2mwTrXY
This video gives extensive context and is most relevant from 14m onwards:
Additional information about Kissinger (his obituary), US Secretary of State, 1969-77 who oversaw the end of US involvement in Vietnam which links to protests movements in History Theme 3:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67574495
NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES AND THE COLD WAR SUMMARY MIND MAP (China, Vietnam, Cuba, Philippines, India, Egypt, Bandung & Belgrade Conferences, Tied Aid)
HISTORY THEME 3
Chapter 1: International Economic and Geopolitical Challenges
On an international scale, this chapter deals with the economic and geopolitical challenges within the context of the end of the post-war economic boom beginning in the early 1970s.
These developments coincide with major political and economic transformations: the Iranian Revolution with a focus on the rise of different forms of political Islam and their impact, (including briefly the events of 9/11), the Reagan Revolution, Deng Xiaoping’s socialist market economy, the collapse of the Soviet Union confronted by pro-democracy movements, and developments in the European project with the transition from the EEC to the EU and the origin of the Maastricht Treaty (1992).
The Single European Act of 1986 was a Cold War project for European integration that set the stage for the deeper union envisioned by the architects of the EU at Maastricht for organizing Europe in the aftermath of the cold war.
In addition, topics dealt with here link to other chapters in the program, including China’s emergence as an international power, the Middle East and international politics, and the New Deal and its legacy.
Oil and Political Islam: Regional and Global Challenges 1973-1991
PowerPoint for this part of the chapter:
Short video about the Nixon shock to the US economy in 1971 which led to the end of the Bretton Woods System established at the end of WW2:
Revisiting the 1973 oil crisis:
The Impact of the 1979 Iranian Revolution:
Deng and Reagan: New Economic Directions, 1978-88
Ronald Reagan and Deng Xiaoping (plus Europe) are three models for addressing the economic challenges of the era, and particularly the economic decline and the rapid increase in globalization. China’s new economic approach underpins and accelerates China’s globalization ambitions in the 1980s and beyond. A study of Reagan’s efforts to dismantle the New Deal legacy is also an integral part of understanding the rise of conservatism dealt with in chapter two of this theme.
Overview PowerPoint for this part of the chapter:
Link to article about the impact of Reagan on the USA:
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1987/01/the-new-shape-of-american-politics/303363/
Short video explanation of Reaganomics:
If you wondering what think tanks are and what they do, watch this and have a think:
Link to article about the reforms made to China:
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-01/40-years-of-reform-that-transformed-china-into-a-superpower/10573468
The Rise of the EU and the Fall of the USSR: A New European Balance of Power, 1970s -1991
The push for further European integration and enlargement and the persistence of cold war dynamics in Europe are parallel and related developments in this period. The transition from the EEC to the EU is also a useful historical reference for Theme 3 in Geography.
Overview PowerPoints about the EU and the end of the Cold War:
Video about the key Maastricht Treaty which created the EU and the so-called Three Pillar structure of the EU:
The end of the USSR – From the archives: Mikhail Gorbachev resigns, USSR falls in 1991 (CBS News):
The end of the USSR: President George H. Bush’s response to the resignation of Gorbachev on 25th December 1991:
President Reagan’s speech on the Evil Empire:
President Reagan’s speech about tearing down the Berlin Wall:
History Theme 3 Chapter 2: Domestic Challenges within the USA and France from the 1950s to 2001
This chapter explores the political, social and cultural transformations in France and the United States during a period characterized by significant reforms and new political debate and divisions over social issues. The focus is on social history – African American civil rights, the rise of feminism and the changing role and status of women, Gay Rights, and the continuing struggle for a more equal society. These social issues emerge in the context of the rise of conservatism and its backlash to the counterculture society in the United States starting in the 1960s through to the 1990s. An additional perspective is the impact of the war in Vietnam, which is essential to understanding divisions and change in American society.
THE USA
USA AND FRANCE PILLAR ONE ACTIVITIES
Vietnam War impact on American society and politics.
The intersection of the anti-war protest movement, the emergence of a youth counterculture and evolution of the Black Civil Rights movement.
PowerPoint about the Media and Vietnam:
How_did_the_coverage_of_the_Vietnam_War_in_the_USA_lead_to_demands_for_peace
An older but still useful information sheet on why the USA got involved with Vietnam:
Why did the USA get involved worksheet
Civil Rights Movement(s).
Goals, methods, successes and resistance, violence, with emphasis on Black Civil Rights.
Overview PowerPoint for this topic:
Link to article about Emmett Till, 1955:
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/emmett-accuser-carolyn-bryant-donham-dies-88-rcna81809
Rise and evolution of conservatism.
The backlash to the promotion of a liberal social agenda (Johnson’s Great Society) in conjunction with civil rights legislation and radical protests of the 1960s and early 1970s (Could include Goldwater’s campaign, John Birch Society, Nixon’s Southern strategy, politicization of the religious right, organized anti-abortion, anti-ERA efforts).
PowerPoint about the election of JFK his ideas about the NEW FRONTIER and then LBJ and the GREAT SOCIETY initiative:
Overview PowerPoint about the rise of Conservatism in the late 1960s:
Rise of Conservatism Goldwater and Nixon
Short Video explanation of the rise of the Conservative Movement in the US politics in the 1960s and 1970, culminating in Reagan’s victory in the 1980 Presidential election:
THE USA AND FRANCE
For these topics please go to the HISTORY THEME 3 CHAPTER 2 google drive folder:
1968 counterculture
Feminism and women’s rights
LGBTQ Rights
Revision Spider diagram Activity on Social Protest Movements in the USA from the 1950s onwards